The Wedding at Cana and the Modern Misuse of Scripture: When Jesus’ First Miracle is Twisted to Justify Alcoholism

The Wedding at Cana and the Modern Misuse of Scripture: When Jesus’ First Miracle is Twisted to Justify Alcoholism

Every year, around the Second Sunday in Ordinary Time, the Gospel reading brings us to the wedding feast at Cana. Jesus, at His mother’s gentle prompting, transforms six stone jars of water—each holding twenty to thirty gallons—into the finest wine. The master of the banquet is stunned. “Everyone serves the good wine first,” he says, “and then the inferior when the guests have become drunk; but you have kept the good wine until now” (John 2:10). For centuries, preachers have rightly seen this as a sign of Christ’s generosity, a revelation of His divinity, and a quiet affirmation that joy, celebration, and even fermented drink can have a place in the Christian life.

Yet in recent years a disturbing trend has emerged, particularly on social media and in certain Catholic circles: the miracle at Cana is being weaponized to celebrate, endorse, or minimize alcoholism. Memes proclaim “Jesus turned water into wine, not water into water—so drink up!” T-shirts boast “Cana: the original open bar.” Influencers post photos of overflowing pints with captions like “What Would Jesus Brew?” Some go further, insisting that anyone who abstains from alcohol is a “Puritan” or a “Jansenist” who rejects the spirit of the wedding feast. One popular X account with over 80,000 followers regularly declares, “Teetotalism is a heresy—Jesus was literally a winemaker.”

This is not harmless humor. It is a grotesque distortion of Sacred Scripture, a mockery of Our Lord’s first public miracle, and a pastoral failure that endangers souls struggling with addiction. Today I want to examine three things: (1) what the wine at Cana actually was, (2) why invoking this miracle to promote heavy drinking is immoral and constitutes grave abuse of Scripture, and (3) the clear teaching of the Church that alcohol consumption is neither a doctrinal requirement nor even necessary for valid consecration at Mass.

 Part I: The Wine of First-Century Palestine Was Not Modern Cabernet

One of the most common sleight-of-hand tactics in the “Jesus wants you to party” crowd is to equate the “wine” (Greek: oinos) mentioned in John 2 with the 12–16% ABV (alcohol by volume) bottles we buy today. This is historically indefensible.

Fermentation in the ancient Near East was limited by technology and climate. Without airtight seals, distillation, or modern yeast strains, naturally fermented grape juice rarely exceeded 4–6% ABV before secondary fermentation turned it to vinegar. Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) notes that the strongest wines in the Roman Empire were around 8–10% ABV, and even those were considered exceptionally potent. Most everyday wine was diluted with water at ratios ranging from 1:3 to 1:20. The Mishnah (Pesahim 10:1) and Talmud (Shabbat 77a) prescribe dilution rates that would bring the final drink to roughly 2–3% ABV—comparable to a modern near-beer.

Archaeological evidence confirms this. Residue analysis from first-century jars in Judea shows average alcohol levels between 3.5% and 5.8%. The six stone jars at Cana held purification water; filling them to the brim with undiluted high-ABV wine would have produced roughly 900 modern bottles at 14% ABV—enough to intoxicate the entire village for days. That is not what happened. The headwaiter’s surprise was not that the guests were suddenly hammered, but that the host had saved the best-tasting (not strongest) wine for last.

The Greek verb methyskō (“to become drunk”) in John 2:10 does not imply widespread inebriation at the feast; it simply acknowledges the common ancient practice of serving better wine first, before palates grew dull. St. John Chrysostom (Homily 22 on John) and St. Augustine (Tractate 9 on John) both emphasize that the miracle reveals Christ’s lordship over creation and His desire to gladden human hearts—not to sanction excess.

To claim “Jesus made 180 gallons of top-shelf booze” is to project 21st-century fraternity culture onto first-century Galilee. It is the equivalent of saying Jesus served espresso shots because the Greek oinos could theoretically mean any fermented beverage. Accuracy matters when we are dealing with the Word of God.

 Part II: Using Cana to Endorse Alcoholism Is Immoral and an Abuse of Scripture

Scripture is not a wax nose to be twisted into whatever shape suits our vices. When St. Paul warns Timothy, “No longer drink only water, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach” (1 Tim 5:23), he is giving medicinal advice, not a blank check for bar crawling. When the Psalmist sings that wine “gladdens the heart of man” (Ps 104:15), he places it alongside bread and oil—staples of life, not licenses for oblivion.

To invoke the wedding at Cana as justification for drunkenness violates at least four serious moral principles:

1. It commits the sin of sacrilegium—treating sacred things with irreverence.  

   Jesus’ first public sign was meant to manifest His glory (John 2:11). Reducing it to a divine stamp of approval on binge drinking drags the Savior into complicity with behavior He repeatedly condemned. Our Lord warned, “Take heed that you are not led astray” (Luke 21:8), and pronounced woe on those who “run to strong drink” (Isa 5:11, quoted by early Fathers against excess).

2. It mocks the virtue of temperance.  

   The Catechism teaches that “the virtue of temperance disposes us to avoid every kind of excess: the abuse of food, alcohol, tobacco, or medicine” (CCC 2290). Offenses against temperance are grave matter when they lead to loss of reason or harm to health. St. Thomas Aquinas classifies drunkenness as a mortal sin when voluntary and complete (Summa II-II, q. 150, a. 2). To joke that Jesus “invented day drinking” is to treat mortal sin as a punch line.

3. It scandalizes the weak and endangers souls in recovery.  

   St. Paul would rather never eat meat again than cause a brother to stumble (1 Cor 8:13). One in ten American adults suffers from alcohol use disorder. Countless Catholic men and women in AA or Celebrate Recovery hear priests and influencers joke that “real Catholics drink like fish because of Cana.” That is not pastoral accompaniment; that is spiritual malpractice. As Our Lady of Fatima warned Sister Lucia, more souls go to hell for sins of the flesh than any other reason—and alcohol is the primary gateway drug to many of those sins.

4. It distorts the nuptial symbolism of the miracle.  

   The Fathers saw Cana as a foreshadowing of the Eucharistic banquet and the wedding feast of the Lamb (Rev 19:9). Ephraim the Syrian, Cyril of Alexandria, and Rupert of Deutz all interpret the “good wine saved for last” as the Blood of Christ reserved for the eschatological banquet. To reduce this profound typology to “Jesus supports tailgating” is exegetical vandalism.

 Part III: The Church Has Never Taught That Catholics Must Drink Alcohol

Some defenders of the “Cana party culture” claim that teetotalism is “Protestant” or “rigorist.” This is ahistorical nonsense.

- Pope Pius XII explicitly praised the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association in 1950, calling their pledge “a wise and generous act of renunciation.”

          - St. John Paul II told recovering alcoholics in 1995: “Your witness of total abstinence is a great                 gift to the Church.”

          - The 1917 Code of Canon Law (canon 1269) allowed bishops to require total abstinence pledges             in mission territories.

- Venerable Matt Talbot (1856–1925), an Irish alcoholic turned mystic, is on the path to canonization precisely because he embraced lifelong abstinence after years of drunkenness.

Even more telling: the Church does not require alcohol in the Eucharist itself.

Canon 924 §3 of the 1983 Code states: “The wine must be natural, from the fruit of the grape, pure and incorrupt, not mixed with other substances… It is altogether forbidden to use wine of doubtful authenticity or quality.” The phrase “natural wine” has been interpreted by the Congregation for Divine Worship to permit mustum—fresh grape juice with fermentation just begun and immediately arrested—so low in alcohol (usually <1% ABV) that recovering alcoholics may receive under this form with episcopal permission.

Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, as Prefect of the CDF, wrote in 1994: “The Church has always recognized the legitimacy of using mustum… The use of mustum is a concession made out of pastoral solicitude for priests who are alcoholics.” If the Precious Blood can be confected validly with virtually no alcohol, then no Catholic can claim that “real sacramental life” requires drinking.

 Part IV: A Personal Appeal

I write this not as a teetotaler lobbing stones from the sidelines. I enjoy a good stout on feast days. My family keeps a bottle of Barolo for Easter. But I have buried friends who died of cirrhosis before age forty. I have held the hands of wives whose husbands chose the pub over their children, quoting Cana memes as justification. I have heard confession lines where men weep because they cannot receive Communion on Sunday after blacking out on Saturday—yet their parish men’s group calls sobriety “unmanly.”

Enough.

The miracle at Cana reveals a Savior who enters into human joy so fully that He will not allow a wedding to end in embarrassment. But the same Savior who multiplied loaves also fasted forty days. The same Christ who made wine also overturned tables. Joy and austerity are not enemies in the Gospel; they are dance partners.

If you struggle with alcohol, know this: the Church does not demand that you drink. Jesus does not love you less because you choose water, coffee, or O’Doul’s. Your sobriety is not a defect; it is a share in the Cross that perfects your love.

And to those who post the memes, sell the T-shirts, and preach “moderate drunkenness” from the ambo: stop. You are not defending Catholic culture. You are profaning the Scriptures and jeopardizing souls for likes and laughs. Repent. Delete the posts. Make reparations.

Our Lady of Cana, who noticed the servants’ need before anyone else, pray for us. May she teach us to hear the quiet voice that says, “Do whatever He tells you”—even when He tells us to put the cup down.

 Sources

- Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd ed. (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997), nos. 1803, 1866, 2288–2291.

- Code of Canon Law (1983), canons 924 §3, 927.

- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, “Circular Letter Concerning the Use of Mustum and Low-Gluten Hosts” (24 July 2003).

- St. John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John, Homily 22 (PG 59:131–134).

- St. Augustine, Tractates on the Gospel of John, Tractate 9 (PL 35:1460–1463).

- St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae II-II, q. 150.

- Pliny the Elder, Natural History XIV.58.

- Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).

- Pius XII, Address to the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association (9 September 1950).

- John Paul II, Address to Alcoholics Anonymous (24 August 1995).

- Mishnah Pesahim 10:1; Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 77a.

- Instruction Redemptionis Sacramentum (25 March 2004), no. 50.

- Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Letter on Mustum (24 October 1994).

 

National Alcohol Awareness Month

April: National Alcohol Awareness Month

April marks National Alcohol Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about alcohol misuse and encouraging individuals to make healthy and safe choices. This observance is crucial as it shines a light on the risks associated with alcohol consumption and the impact it can have on individuals, families, and communities.

Alcohol misuse remains a significant public health concern in the United States. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), alcohol-related problems continue to take a heavy toll on society, with more than 178,000 alcohol-related deaths annually, making alcohol a leading preventable cause of death. Moreover, there are over 200 disease and injury-related conditions associated with alcohol misuse.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) emphasizes that April is a time to enhance understanding and provide support for individuals struggling with alcohol use. SAMHSA offers a variety of resources and tools to support prevention, treatment, and recovery efforts. For instance, their "Talk. They Hear You." campaign provides parents and caregivers with the resources to start conversations with youth about the importance of alcohol avoidance and other healthy lifestyle choices.

National Alcohol Awareness Month also focuses on underage drinking prevention, highlighting the effectiveness of such initiatives. It's an opportunity to educate the public on the latest research and resources available to support these efforts. The NIAAA and other organizations offer free, research-based resources covering many topics related to alcohol misuse, available in multiple languages.

The observance is not only about raising awareness but also about taking action. Communities are encouraged to get involved by hosting events, sharing information, and providing support to those affected by alcohol misuse. It's a collective effort to foster a better understanding of alcohol use disorders and to promote recovery and healthy living.

Recently Pope Francis made some comments regarding wine. He said it is a "gift from God" and "a true source of joy."  The comments were made during a private audience at the Vatican attended by Italian winemakers.  The Vatican is known for having the largest consumption of wine per capita against any other nation in the world.  What are we to make of the pope's comments?  

Well, first of all, his opinion is not official teaching, so we do not have to follow every word he says. If the pope says the Yankees are the best team in the world or God's team, we can dismiss his comments as his personal opinion. Second, wine is not a gift from God any more than soda. While the ingredients were created by God and are "good (Genesis 1:31)," the new substance (wine, beer, liquor) is man-made. Thirdly, the pope's comments were irresponsible.  Over 140,000 people die due to alcohol in the United States alone. These deaths stem from driving while intoxicated, poisoning from drinking too much alcohol, and other tragedies including domestic violence. Many times, children are the ones caught in the latter.  (See: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics/alcohol-related-emergencies-and-deaths-united-states#:~:text=The%20Alcohol%2DRelated%20Disease%20Impact,behind%20tobacco%2C%20poor%20diet%20and). 

The CDC or Center for Disease Control states:

Short-Term Health Risks

Excessive alcohol use has immediate effects that increase the risk of many harmful health conditions. These are most often the result of binge drinking and include the following:

Injuries, such as motor vehicle crashes, falls, drownings, and burns.6,7

Violence, including homicide, suicide, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence.6-10

Alcohol poisoning, a medical emergency that results from high blood alcohol levels.11

Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex or sex with multiple partners. These behaviors can result in unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.12,13

Miscarriage and stillbirth or fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) among pregnant women.6,12,14,15

Long-Term Health Risks

Over time, excessive alcohol use can lead to the development of chronic diseases and other serious problems including:

High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems.6,16

Cancer of the breast, mouth, throat, esophagus, voice box, liver, colon, and rectum.6,17

Weakening of the immune system, increasing the chances of getting sick.6,16

Learning and memory problems, including dementia and poor school performance.6,18

Mental health problems, including depression and anxiety.6,19

Social problems, including family problems, job-related problems, and unemployment.6,20,21

Alcohol use disorders, or alcohol dependence.5

By not drinking too much, you can reduce the risk of these short- and long-term health risks.

(Source: https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm#:~:text=Long%2DTerm%20Health%20Risks,liver%20disease%2C%20and%20digestive%20problems.)

The National Institue on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism states the effects of alcohol on the body:

Drinking too much – on a single occasion or over time – can take a serious toll on your health.  Here’s how alcohol can affect your body:

Brain:

Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination.  

Heart:

Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including:

Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle

Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat

Stroke

High blood pressure  

Liver:

Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:

Steatosis, or fatty liver

Alcoholic hepatitis

Fibrosis

Cirrhosis

Pancreas:

Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that causes its swelling and pain (which may spread) and impairs its ability to make enzymes and hormones for proper digestion. 

Cancer:

According to the National Cancer Institute: "There is a strong scientific consensus that alcohol drinking can cause several types of cancer. In its Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists consumption of alcoholic beverages as a known human carcinogen.

"The evidence indicates that the more alcohol a person drinks–particularly the more alcohol a person drinks regularly over time–the higher his or her risk of developing an alcohol-associated cancer. Even those who have no more than one drink per day and people who binge drink (those who consume 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men in one sitting) have a modestly increased risk of some cancers. Based on data from 2009, an estimated 3.5% of cancer deaths in the United States (about 19,500 deaths were alcohol related."

Clear patterns have emerged between alcohol consumption and increased risks of certain types of cancer:

Head and neck cancer, including oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx cancers.

Esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have substantially increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma if they consume alcohol.

Liver cancer.

Breast cancer: Studies have consistently found an increased risk of breast cancer in women with increasing alcohol intake. Women who consume about 1 drink per day have a 5 to 9 percent higher chance of developing breast cancer than women who do not drink at all.

Colorectal cancer.

(Source: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohols-effects-body)

Even a little consumption of alcohol opens oneself up to dangerous health problems. A Study in November of 2023 highlighted this (see: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2798004 and the article https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/well/mind/alcohol-health-effects.html).  This is important for everyone to know. We are not sure if even the pope is made aware of this. Moreover, Pope Francis has brought a lot of attention to the Climate Change crisis that he issued the encyclical Laudato Si. In it, he expresses the scientific community's concerns that man-made activities are causing the earth to warm which then leads to climate disasters.  Yet here he is praising the wine industry which does a lot to cause harm to the earth and adds to the climate change crisis.  The production of wine adds a huge carbon footprint on the world. The process of making wine alters the soil and pollutes it and the water, as well as the air. This is just the processing of grapes. We cannot forget about the fermentation process and industrial process of bottling which creates fumes that go into the atmosphere while making the wine, not to forget the consumption of energy, mostly fossil fuels for the machinery which in turn is released into the atmosphere as co2, the main cause of global warming (see: https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-the-wine-industry  and  https://www.infowine.com/intranet/libretti/libretto12728-02-1.pdf.  It is hypocritical of the pope to show concern for the environment while at the same time endorsing a business that adds considerably to the climate change crisis. Here in Laudato Si he quotes his predecessors showing the concern for human activities and how they harm the planet was always a concern for the Church:

4. In 1971, eight years after Pacem in Terris, Blessed Pope Paul VI referred to the ecological concern as “a tragic consequence” of unchecked human activity: “Due to an ill-considered exploitation of nature, humanity runs the risk of destroying it and becoming in turn a victim of this degradation”.[2] He spoke in similar terms to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations about the potential for an “ecological catastrophe under the effective explosion of industrial civilization”, and stressed “the urgent need for a radical change in the conduct of humanity”, inasmuch as “the most extraordinary scientific advances, the most amazing technical abilities, the most astonishing economic growth, unless they are accompanied by authentic social and moral progress, will definitively turn against man”.[3]

5. Saint John Paul II became increasingly concerned about this issue. In his first Encyclical he warned that human beings frequently seem “to see no other meaning in their natural environment than what serves for immediate use and consumption”.[4] Subsequently, he would call for a global ecological conversion.[5] At the same time, he noted that little effort had been made to “safeguard the moral conditions for an authentic human ecology”.[6] The destruction of the human environment is extremely serious, not only because God has entrusted the world to us men and women, but because human life is itself a gift which must be defended from various forms of debasement. Every effort to protect and improve our world entails profound changes in “lifestyles, models of production and consumption, and the established structures of power which today govern societies”.[7] Authentic human development has a moral character. It presumes full respect for the human person, but it must also be concerned for the world around us and “take into account the nature of each being and of its mutual connection in an ordered system”.[8] Accordingly, our human ability to transform reality must proceed in line with God’s original gift of all that is.[9]

6. My predecessor Benedict XVI likewise proposed “eliminating the structural causes of the dysfunctions of the world economy and correcting models of growth which have proved incapable of ensuring respect for the environment”.[10] He observed that the world cannot be analyzed by isolating only one of its aspects, since “the book of nature is one and indivisible”, and includes the environment, life, sexuality, the family, social relations, and so forth. It follows that “the deterioration of nature is closely connected to the culture which shapes human coexistence”.[11] Pope Benedict asked us to recognize that the natural environment has been gravely damaged by our irresponsible behaviour. The social environment has also suffered damage. Both are ultimately due to the same evil: the notion that there are no indisputable truths to guide our lives, and hence human freedom is limitless. We have forgotten that “man is not only a freedom which he creates for himself. Man does not create himself. He is spirit and will, but also nature”.[12] With paternal concern, Benedict urged us to realize that creation is harmed “where we ourselves have the final word, where everything is simply our property and we use it for ourselves alone. The misuse of creation begins when we no longer recognize any higher instance than ourselves, when we see nothing else but ourselves”.[13]

(Source: Laudato Si -https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html)

How can Pope Francis in good faith preach the dangers of Climate Change while endorsing a business that adds to Global Warming and produces a drug that kills hundreds of thousands a year and hurts families? 

There are even books out there about "saints that drink" and social media posts presenting the drink as something cool or fun. It is just distasteful, irrational, reckless, and bad optics.  We as Catholics in general need to put disclaimers about alcohol use and not try to use the saints to make drinking "cool" or beneficial.  The truth is Alcohol hurts so many families and people. It should not be celebrated or presented as a virtue. Growing up in the Bronx I witnessed many families and kids' lives destroyed by this vice. A glass of wine may not immediately lead to ruin, but it is the starting point that leads to addiction. Addiction starts somewhere, right? It is not just something that happens spontaneously. 

Alcohol rewires the brain. About 20% is absorbed immediately from the stomach into the bloodstream. Just a small amount increased stomach juice production which leads to an increase in appetite. This causes the drinker to want more. Remember 20% was absorbed already, so the brain starts to desire it more. Once in the bloodstream, it widens your blood vessels making you feel warmth. However, the body begins to lose heat, and blood pressure drops. In the brain, it starts to weaken the parts that control the body. The brain cannot make clear decisions. Filters are gone. It begins to change your mood by making you feel moody or depressed, even aggressive. The more alcohol enters, the more you will be susceptible to slurring of words, blurry vision, and loss of coordination. In the kidneys, it dehydrates and forces the body to produce more urine. This loss of urine then causes the body to want more liquid. The liquid is of course alcohol. When it enters the liver, 95% of it gets processed creating water and carbon monoxide. Yes, carbon monoxide the poisonous substance! This is why it causes heavy damage to the liver. Just one sip of alcohol either wine or beer brings about an increase in dopamine. I can go on and on about what science says, but I think we get the idea that this stuff is just not as "good."  It is a psychological placebo that gives you the impression it is good.  Like the devil coming like an angel of light offering you the world as he did to Jesus in the desert.  Are we strong enough like Jesus to say no and get away Satan?

Drinking alcohol has NO BENEFITS at all unless you hate life and want out or hate people and want to harass them while intoxicated. This is why I applaud our separated Protestant friends who choose the route of temperance and avoid this vice. Just because you have a mouth does not mean you can drink gasoline because you have the will for it. Just because you can taste sugar does not mean you should consume sacks of it. Alcohol is different. It is literally a toxin. There is nothing good about it at all unless you are pouring it on a wound to disinfect it. That is about the only thing good about it. Even a small amount is dangerous when consumed orally.  A study cited by the World Health Organization states that there is "no safe amount of alcohol."  (see: No safe level of alcohol, scientific study concludes - UW Medicine | Newsroom, No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health, Alcohol and health: all, none, or somewhere in-between? - The Lancet Rheumatology)

What I found disturbing is that some Catholics will go at any length to defend alcoholism.  They will do this more than defend the Church's actual teachings.  This is typical of addicts who are in denial. We can see the effects of alcohol already in these people and they are not even aware of it.  Some will argue and bring up the miracle at Cana. I was just having this discussion with a laywoman on Facebook a while back and on Instagram with some English and Portuguese speakers and corrected the misconception. I also did this on X (formerly Twitter).  Some of the proponents for alcoholism were quick to insult and block. They did not like to hear the truth and seemed to be under the impression that the Catholic faith teaches that we must drink alcohol. This is false.   So what are we to make of the biblical claims of Jesus at Cana and so on?

If you study the Bible and history professionally and academically you would know the wine used in biblical times is much different than the one used now, not to mention that beer is a completely different substance. Ancient wine was diluted. They were poured and mixed with water in amphorae jars. The modern alcohol content we have today was not what Jesus had at Cana. The distillation process used to make modern alcoholic beverages came later on in the 7 to 8th centuries by Arabs. The Mishnah and Talmud show that the normal dilution rate among the Jews was 3 parts water to 1 part wine. B. Shabbath 77a says that wine that does not mix well with three parts water is not true wine. B. Pesahim 108b states that the wine consumed during Passover was 3:1 wine. This was very likely the commonly accepted dilution rate among Jews of the New Testament era as well. This dilution rate reduces the alcohol content of New Testament wine to 2.75 to 3.0 percent. So it is not the same thing. This is why some alcoholic priests or priests with digestion issues are allowed to use what is called mustum.  Moreover, alcohol is not the matter necessary to confect the Sacrament in Holy Communion. This is why, as stated, the Church allows mustum to be used.  

Everything must be used in moderation. The Catechism states this and makes it clear that food, alcohol, tobacco, or medicine cannot be abused or taken in excess:

2290 The virtue of temperance disposes us to avoid every kind of excess: the abuse of food, alcohol, tobacco, or medicine. Those incur grave guilt who, by drunkenness or a love of speed, endanger their own and others' safety on the road, at sea, or in the air.

The Sacred Scriptures or the Bible also says a lot about wine.  It mentions wine in these passages and even encourages its use in moderation and in other places condemns it (Lev 10:9; Num 6:3; Deut 14:26; 29:6; Jud 13:4, 7, 14; 1 Sam 1:15; Prov 31:4; Mic 2:11; cf. Prov 20:1; 31:6; Is 5:11, 22; 24:9; 28:7; 56:12; Lk 1:15; Deut 21:20; Prov 20:1; 21:17; 23:20-21, 29-35; 26:9; Is 5:11-12; Rom 13:13; Rom 14:21; 1 Cor 5:11; 6:10; Gal 5:21; 1 Tim 3:3, 8; Titus 1:7; 2:3; 1 Pet 4:3). So we seen wine has been a drink mentioned throughout biblical times and its use was often recommended for celebration, ailments and even religious ceremonies while warnings were often given for its use as well. 

Jesus partook in events with wine as we read in Matt 11:19; Lk 7:33, Jn 2:1.  Jesus was even accused of being a drunk and glutton because of His "partying," so to speak.  Moreover, we read how wine was used for religious purposes (Ex 29:40; 1 Sam 1:24, Mt 26:17 ff.; Mk 14:12 ff.; Lk 22:15 ff.; Jn 13:1).  It is important that we present the facts so that the reader can make his or her conclusion.  

Remember, drinking is not part of the Catholic faith. What we mean by this is that drinking, smoking, and so on are not required by the Catholic faith. We do not have to drink wine, coffee, tea soda, water, juice, or even smoke to be practicing Catholics in good standing. These vices are performed on the individual's conscience and free will. Nowhere in the Church's teachings, Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, or the Magisterium does it say that we need to drink or smoke in order to become holy, serve Christ, or make it to heaven. Books, social media posts and commentaries out there from clergy, the laity, religious, or even the pope on drinking and smoking are their personal opinions based on their palates.  You are not obliged to try their recommendations or engage in vices because they mentioned them or praised them. 

Let me be clear. I never said we should ban alcohol. I am saying these posts and comments from the pope, the posts on social media, and the defense of alcoholism by some Catholics do not help our faith. If we are teaching people to be virtuous and care for themselves, their bodies, and the earth, then we should not be endorsing substances or behaviors that contradict what we are trying to teach the world.  For example, imagine if I preach on the street that drunkards will not enter the Kingdom of Heaven and then take a break and go to the corner store and get a beer to drink. What will the people I just preached to think?  I would become a clown, a charlatan.  

St Augustine is quoted as stating “Take care of your body as if you were going to live forever; and take care of your soul as if you were going to die tomorrow. How can we do this by making choices to drink toxins?  

1 Corinthians 6:19 says the human body is the temple of the Holy Spirit.  Do we take care of temples or destroy them intentionally?  We must take care of our temples, both the body and the buildings we use for the Sacraments.  Nowhere in Catholic teaching does it say to destroy the body or ignore health. That is a pro-choice stance, not pro-life.  Caring for our health is part of Church teaching: 

"Everyone has the duty to care for his or her own health or to seek such care from others. Those whose task it is to care for the sick must do so conscientiously and administer the remedies that seem necessary or useful." 

-  Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Euthanasia, 1980 (https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19800505_euthanasia_en.html)

So in conclusion, we need to do better. The world has a spotlight on us and will catch us whenever we show a slight contradiction between what we believe what we say and how we act.  It is 2024, and we have advanced in science. We know the dangers of alcohol, so why promote it?  We have psychology and know the human mind is frail. We cannot expect human beings to know what "moderation" is via second nature.  Unfortunately, self-control is not exceptionally hardwired in us. This is why we have so many people addicted to drugs, alcohol, smoking, and even food or hoarding.  The human brain is not as advanced as some of us believe and our bodies all work on different metabolisms.  Women usually get drunk faster than men due to this biological difference. This is why when people say "moderation," it really means nothing because each body is different. What is moderate for you is not necessarily moderate for others.  

Hopefully, this post will educate you so that you make an informed decision about whether to drink or not. Now that you know the dangers and the religious reasons surrounding drinking you can hopefully avoid intoxication, hurting others, death, and causing the death of others.  

Everything in moderation, yes, but we must understand and learn what this means in regard to our physiology. Also, note that some people are genetically predisposed to alcoholism, so even a taste can cause addiction.   It is just not worth it.  People in biblical times did not know about genetics and did not anticipate the creation of vehicles, but they did know how drunks behaved. This is why the characters in Scripture often encouraged moderation.  The same applies to Church figures in history. They are a product of their time and understanding. We know better now and our future descendants will know even more and will hopefully solve the problem of alcohol abuse.  Hopefully, the Church's teaching will develop on this just like it did with the death penalty which is now inadmissible. Maybe one day a better-educated pope who values health science will enforce a non-alcoholic stance knowing the dangers of drinking.  Alcohol is a poison. It is as simple as that.  It destroys lives and bodies. 

Please do not drink and drive. Drink very little and do not make it a daily thing. Be considerate of your family, especially children. They imitate what they see and what they see does affect them.  They do not need to see you staggering around like a zombie or walker from The Walking Dead with slurred speech and a violent or annoying demeanor. 

As we observe National Alcohol Awareness Month, let's take this opportunity to reflect on our own alcohol consumption habits, educate ourselves and others about the dangers of alcohol misuse, and support those who are on the path to recovery. It's a time to come together as a community to address this critical issue and to make a positive change for the well-being of all.

For more information on how to get involved or to find resources related to alcohol misuse prevention, treatment, and recovery support services, visit SAMHSA's website and the NIAAA's website.

If you need help with substance abuse, in particular, alcohol, call:

SAMHSA National Helpline

Confidential free help, from public health agencies, to find substance use treatment and information.  

1-800-662-4357