A short video has been circulating among Catholic traditionalist circles. It shows two lay women near the altar in what appears to be a church setting. One holds a host. Viewers, many of them English-speaking and predominantly Caucasian traditionalists, have concluded that the women are simulating the consecration, acting as if they were priests, and thus engaging in a grave liturgical abuse or worse. Comments have ranged from shocked condemnation to personal attacks on the women involved. The audio is in Brazilian Portuguese. That linguistic barrier helps explain the leap to the wrong conclusion, but it does not excuse the rush to judgment or the harsh rhetoric directed at the women.
What the video actually depicts is a recognized and regulated form of Catholic worship: a Sunday celebration in the absence of a priest, often called a Communion service or a Liturgy of the Word with distribution of Holy Communion. The hosts have already been consecrated by a priest at a previous Mass. There is no consecration taking place. The women are not pretending to be priests. They are fulfilling a role the Church herself has authorized under specific conditions when no priest is available.
This post explains the background of the misunderstanding, the nature of these celebrations, the order of the rite, who may lead them, the official permissions and norms that govern them, and why charity remains required even when liturgical practice differs from one’s own experience or preference.
The Viral Video and the Jump to Conclusions
In regions with severe shortages of priests—common in parts of Latin America, including Brazil—communities regularly gather on Sunday even when a priest cannot reach them. The Church has long recognized this pastoral reality. Rather than leave the faithful without any communal celebration of the Lord’s Day, it provides structured ways for them to assemble, hear the Word of God, pray, and, when reserved hosts are available, receive Holy Communion.
The video shows two women performing functions within such a service. One appears to be holding or presenting a host in the context of distribution or a related moment. To someone unfamiliar with the rite and unable to understand the Portuguese explanations or prayers, the visual can look startling. Traditionalists who emphasize the exclusive role of the ordained priest in the Eucharist understandably react strongly when they believe that role is being usurped. The problem is that the belief is incorrect.
The language barrier is real. Brazilian Portuguese contains liturgical phrasing and pastoral explanations that do not match the visual assumptions of an English-speaking viewer. What may sound or look like a Eucharistic Prayer or words of institution is, in context, something else entirely—prayers of preparation, an invitation to Communion from the reserved Sacrament, or simple instructions. Jumping from an incomplete visual and untranslated audio to accusations of sacrilege or feminist infiltration is understandable as a first reaction; it is not justifiable as a sustained or public judgment.
The women themselves are not public figures seeking controversy. They are local Catholics responding to the needs of their community under the guidance of their local Church. Attacking them personally, questioning their faith, or treating them as enemies of orthodoxy goes beyond legitimate concern for liturgical integrity. Charity and accuracy both demand better.
What a Sunday Celebration in the Absence of a Priest Actually Is
The full celebration of Sunday for Catholics is the Mass: the Liturgy of the Word joined to the Liturgy of the Eucharist, in which the priest, acting in the person of Christ, confects the Sacrament and offers the Sacrifice. Nothing replaces the Mass. The Church repeatedly insists on this.
Yet the Church also recognizes that circumstances sometimes make Mass impossible for a given community on a given Sunday. Canon law itself addresses the point. Canon 1248 §2 of the Code of Canon Law states: “If participation in the eucharistic celebration becomes impossible because of the absence of a sacred minister or for another grave cause, it is strongly recommended that the faithful take part in a liturgy of the Word if there be such in the parish church or some other sacred place, which is celebrated in accordance with the provisions laid down by the diocesan bishop; or to spend an appropriate time in prayer, whether personally or as a family or, as occasion presents, in a group of families.”
The principal official document elaborating this is the Directory for Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest, issued by the Congregation for Divine Worship on 2 June 1988 and approved by Pope John Paul II. The Directory does not invent a new form of worship or encourage the absence of priests. It responds to an existing pastoral necessity so that the Christian meaning of Sunday is not lost.
These celebrations are extraordinary, not ordinary. They are not to become a convenient substitute for Mass when a priest could reasonably be obtained. They should foster, not diminish, hunger for the Eucharist. They must carefully avoid any confusion with the Mass itself.
In practice, the preferred form in many places is a Liturgy of the Word with Holy Communion from hosts previously consecrated by a priest and reserved in the tabernacle. Alternatives include a Liturgy of the Word alone or Morning or Evening Prayer from the Liturgy of the Hours, sometimes with Communion.
The Structure of the Rite
The order carefully distinguishes the service from the Mass. Nothing proper to the Mass—especially the preparation of the gifts in the sacrificial sense or the Eucharistic Prayer—is inserted.
Typical elements include:
- Introductory rites: Gathering, sign of the cross, greeting (adapted so that a lay leader does not use the presidential formulas proper to a priest), introduction explaining that Mass cannot be celebrated today and that the community gathers to hear the Word and (if applicable) receive Communion from the reserved Sacrament, penitential act, and collect or opening prayer.
- Liturgy of the Word: The same readings as those appointed for the Sunday Mass, including the Gospel. A responsorial psalm. A period of silence or a reflection (not a formal homily by a lay person unless specifically authorized; deacons may preach). Profession of faith. General intercessions.
- Communion rite (when reserved hosts are available): The leader goes to the place of reservation, brings the ciborium or pyx to the altar (the altar is approached only at this point in many guidelines, precisely to avoid the appearance of a Mass), leads the Lord’s Prayer, the invitation to Communion (“Behold the Lamb of God…”), and distributes Holy Communion. A prayer after Communion follows. The remaining hosts are returned to the tabernacle.
- Concluding rite: Blessing (in a form appropriate to a lay leader or deacon) and dismissal.
Key visual and rubrical safeguards exist precisely to prevent the misunderstanding seen in the circulating video. The presidential chair is normally not used by a lay leader; the leader often stands among the assembly or at a different place. Vesture, if any, is distinct from priestly vestments. The language used makes clear that this is not the Mass. The Directory and subsequent national and diocesan adaptations stress that the celebration must never look or sound like a simulated Mass.
The host held by one of the women in the video is almost certainly a previously consecrated host being prepared for distribution or shown in the invitation to Communion. No words of consecration are spoken by the laity; none can be effective if spoken by them. The Sacrament remains what a priest has already made it.
Who May Lead These Celebrations
Preference is always given to a deacon when one is available. A deacon can lead the service, proclaim the Gospel, preach, and distribute Communion as an ordinary minister.
When no deacon is present, the diocesan bishop may appoint suitable lay persons—men or women—as leaders of prayer for these celebrations. Appointment is not a casual local decision; it falls under the bishop’s authority. Leaders are to receive proper formation. The Directory and later documents such as Redemptionis Sacramentum (2004) emphasize that it is preferable to distribute the various roles among several members of the faithful rather than have one lay person appear to “preside” in the manner of a priest. No lay person is ever to be referred to as “presiding” over the celebration in the same sense.
Women have long served in these roles in mission territories and in areas of priest shortage, including parts of Brazil, Portugal, Africa, and elsewhere. This is not a novelty of recent decades or an innovation driven by ideology; it is a practical application of the Church’s norms in concrete circumstances. The same norms apply regardless of the sex of the appointed leader.
Extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion may assist with distribution under the usual conditions. The hosts remain those consecrated by a priest.
Official Permissions, Laws, and Rubrics
The foundational texts are clear:
- Code of Canon Law, can. 1248 §2 (quoted above).
- Directory for Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest (Congregation for Divine Worship, 2 June 1988). It outlines the conditions under which such celebrations may be authorized, the theological importance of Sunday, the need to avoid confusion with the Mass, the preference for deacons, the possibility of appointed lay leaders, and the basic structure of the celebration of the Word with Communion.
- Redemptionis Sacramentum (Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, 25 March 2004), especially nos. 162–167 on particular celebrations in the absence of a priest. These paragraphs reaffirm that such celebrations are extraordinary, that confusion with the Mass must be avoided, that the diocesan bishop regulates them, that Communion may be distributed according to his prudent judgment, and that roles should be shared among the faithful when no priest or deacon is present. They also insist that those leading keep alive a true hunger for the Eucharist.
National bishops’ conferences and individual dioceses issue more detailed directives adapting the Directory to local circumstances. In Brazil and other Portuguese-speaking regions, corresponding guidelines exist and have been in use for years. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has published ritual editions of Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest. Similar provisions appear in Australia, England and Wales, and many other places.
These are not loopholes or progressive experiments. They are the Church’s own response to the scarcity of priests while safeguarding the unique character of the Mass and the ministerial priesthood.
Charity, Accuracy, and the Larger Context
Priest shortages are a real and growing pastoral challenge in many parts of the world. Blaming the women in the video for responding to that challenge under the Church’s norms solves nothing. Misidentifying a Communion service as a simulated consecration spreads confusion rather than clarity. Public attacks that treat the women as ideological actors rather than local Catholics doing what their bishop and the universal norms allow are unjust.
Traditionalists rightly defend the centrality of the Mass, the exclusive power of the ordained priest to confect the Eucharist, and the need for reverence and clarity in liturgy. Those concerns are valid. They are best served by accurate knowledge of what the Church actually permits and by restraint in judgment when evidence is incomplete, especially when a language barrier is involved.
The women in the video are not the enemy of orthodoxy. In the concrete circumstances of their community, they are helping the faithful keep Sunday as the Lord’s Day to the extent possible until a priest can be present. That is the purpose the Directory itself assigns to these celebrations.
Understanding the rite, the norms that authorize it, and the difference between reserved Communion and consecration removes the basis for the false accusation. Charity then requires that we stop treating the women as if they had committed the offense that was mistakenly attributed to them.
Sunday remains the day of the Resurrection. The Mass remains its fullest celebration. When the Mass cannot be had, the Church still provides a way for the community to gather around the Word and the reserved Sacrament. That provision is not a threat to the priesthood; it is a pastoral response that assumes the priesthood’s irreplaceable role.
The circulating video does not show women pretending to be priests. It shows a permitted form of Sunday worship under the norms of the Catholic Church. Accurate knowledge and Christian charity are the proper responses.
References
- Code of Canon Law (1983), can. 1248 §2.
- Congregation for Divine Worship, Directory for Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest (2 June 1988).
- Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Redemptionis Sacramentum (25 March 2004), especially nos. 162–167.
- Sacrosanctum Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy), art. 106 (on the importance of Sunday).
- United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest (ritual editions, various revisions conforming to the third edition of the Roman Missal).
- Diocesan and national guidelines implementing the 1988 Directory (examples available from various bishops’ conferences, including those in Portuguese-speaking regions).
- Related texts: Holy Communion and Worship of the Eucharist Outside Mass (ritual), and relevant canons on extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion (can. 910, 230 §3).
